Overview
Phlebotomists collect blood specimens for laboratory testing, transfusions, donations, and research. They work in hospitals, reference labs, blood donor centers, and outpatient clinics, where they are typically the first point of patient contact for diagnostic testing.
| Standard Occupational Classification | 31-9097 (BLS) — BLS OOH page |
|---|---|
| Typical entry education | Postsecondary nondegree award (4-8 month program) |
| Common credentials | CPT (NHA), PBT (ASCP), RPT (AMT), NCPT (NCCT) |
| Primary certifying body | National Healthcareer Association (NHA) |
| Primary certification exam | Certified Phlebotomy Technician (CPT) Examination |
| Renewal cycle | Every 24 months (2 years) |
Typical Duties
- Perform venipuncture and capillary draws on patients of all ages
- Verify patient identity and specimen labeling
- Maintain chain-of-custody for legal and forensic specimens
- Operate centrifuges and prepare specimens for transport
- Manage donor screening intake at blood collection sites
- Document collections in laboratory information systems
Credentialing Pathway
Most candidates entering the phlebotomist field follow a four-step pathway: (1) complete an accredited or employer-recognized training program meeting the typical education benchmark above; (2) pass a nationally recognized certification examination — for this role, candidates most commonly pursue the CPT (NHA) credential, with PBT (ASCP), RPT (AMT), NCPT (NCCT) serving as accepted alternatives in many employer settings; (3) where the practice state requires it, apply to the state licensing board for an initial license, registration, or scope-of-practice permit; and (4) maintain credentialing through continuing education and periodic renewal. The exact sequence and documentation requirements vary by state, so candidates should consult the state-specific licensing pages linked below before scheduling examinations or paying application fees.
Examination Landscape
Certification examinations for the phlebotomist role are typically computer-based, offered year-round at commercial testing centers operated by Pearson VUE, PSI, or Prometric. Exam blueprints are published by each credentialing body and are revised on a regular cycle (commonly every five years) to reflect updated job-task analyses. Candidates should confirm they are studying from materials aligned to the most recent blueprint version, since older review books may overweight content areas that have since been deprecated. The dedicated exam preparation guide for this role lists the current blueprint domains, recommended study time, and sample-question sources.
Continuing Education and Renewal
Renewal cycles for the phlebotomist credential range from one to five years depending on the issuing body and the practice state. Continuing education hour requirements likewise vary, with stricter jurisdictions and the largest credentialing bodies requiring documented contact hours in core domains plus a smaller number of mandatory topics (commonly infection control, patient safety, ethics, and jurisdiction-specific opioid or human-trafficking awareness). The renewal guide for this role consolidates these requirements; the state-by-state table below shows each jurisdiction's specific renewal cadence and continuing education obligation.
Phlebotomist Licensing by State
The links below open detailed licensing pages for each U.S. state and the District of Columbia. Each page restates the responsible licensing authority, training-hour expectations, examination requirement, application and renewal fees, continuing education obligation, and reciprocity / endorsement notes for that specific jurisdiction. Career and salary guides for this role in each state are linked separately from the career guide index.
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Related Resources
Training Pathways
Accredited program formats, tuition, clinical hours, and how to verify exam eligibility.
Open guide →Specialty Credentials
Add-on credentials and advanced practice pathways after the initial certification.
Open guide →Renewal & CE
Renewal cycle, continuing-education hours, audit handling, and reinstatement rules.
Open guide →